Individual Focused Reflection

Question: 1 a) Reflect on and describe how your beliefs and attitudes towards people who have mental health issues have changed from before you started this mental health unit and since being involved in the unit. In your answer discuss factors that may have influenced your opinions prior to your study such as your own experience of mental health issues or that of someone you know; your knowledge base; your age, beliefs, ethnicity, etc. b) Consider the application of the model cultural safety in nursing care that we discussed in lectures in week 1 and in the tutorial in week 2. Thinking about your response to Part 1a, discuss how your own culture including your beliefs/opinions, values and attitudes may present challenges to your capacity to give care. 2a)Consider the material covered in his unitup to and including week 4 of the semester including the therapeutic use of self. What do you think you might find difficult about mental health nursing and the therapeutic use of self what do you think you will do well? That is, discuss your strengths and possible limitations. b)Following on from Part 2a, explain how you will use your learning in this unit to enhance your practice from a mental health perspective in two (2) specific nursing practice settings. The practice settings must not be mental health specialty practice settings. Demonstrate how your knowledge and skills of mental health and mental health nursing will enhance the care you provide in the settings you choose. Answer: 1 a)Unfortunately, many people hold a negative view about the people having mental health issues. My beliefs and attitudes towards the people suffering from mental health have changed as one of my uncles suffers from it. I have been with the uncle as a kid and did not understand much about mental health issues. I used terms such as mad and crazy observing his aggression issues. I felt insecure and scared around people with mental health issues. But, with time my knowledge base has expanded. With my growing age, I started researching about the mental health issues on the internet. I extended my knowledge base regarding prenatal issues and post-birth defects. As I belong to Asian background, with Nepalese ethnicity, I only know English and Nepali as the two languages. My family has visited several medical centres and educational institutions for these special cases. Therefore, my beliefs, attitudes and values changed as I observed the issue in many people. My respect and sympathy for t he special people increased. I felt sorry for the people undergoing mental health issues as it is not only devastating for them, but the entire family. They are undergoing pain and might not be able to express or communicate the issues surrounding them. My attitude towards psychiatric treatment has changed and I feel free to talk about the issues surrounding mental illness. I seek recommendations from psychiatrists or acquaintances that can provide me knowledge for the same. My compassion towards the people has also increased as I can feel and connect with them. b) Cultural safety is essential in nursing practice and it empowers the healthcare practitioner and the patient. As a mental care practitioner, I would have to work with people of different gender, generation, different ethnicity, religious belief and different levels of disability. My own culture, beliefs and opinions might challenge the capacity to give care. I feel sympathetic towards the patients suffering from mental health issues. My aim is to improve the health status and wellbeing of the patients. Having extreme concern can disrupt the medical treatments necessary for the patients. The patients may be provided with Electroconvulsive Therapy that is a shock treatment to relieve people from psychiatric illness. I must never make assumptions about the individuals beliefs and try to know more about the health problems faced by the individual. I am not very comfortable with dealing severe cases. As I have had a personal experience of my uncle with aggression, I might be unable to provide quality care to such patients. I might hesitate to serve people with a huge generation gap. I may also find it problematic to coordinate with people who have use language other than English. As I do not know language other than English, it would be difficult to communicate and coordinate with the patients not understanding or speaking English. Lack of cultural awareness and failure to provide culturally competent care can greatly increase the stresses experienced by critically ill patients and can result in inadequate care provided by healthcare professionals. 2a)According to Knight (2012), therapeutic use of self is recognized as an important tool as it shall give me the ability to use my personality in full awareness to establish relatedness and structure nursing interventions. With my caring personality, I have the ability to put patients at ease. I possess effective team working skills that enable me to work well with doctors, physicians and other nurses. I can control the stress levels so that the patients can remain calm in medical situations. With excellent communication skills, I can establish strong connections with the family members of patients. Effective communication also helps in building their faith in me. I have reliable time management skills that allow me to properly administer medical concerns. However, I am unable to handle pressure that may restrict me from performing duties effectively in the nursing practice. I get nervous easily and lack confidence. I plan for the worst try to do everything in my power to make sure it doesn't happen. I guess my weakness would be that I am a perfectionist. I am an "A" type personality. I want everything to be just perfect and it bothers me when things are not arranged in the manner I want. But retrospectively it is also strength in a manner as I don't stop till I am satisfied. I want the best working conditions to work and I want peoples respect if they want my respect in return. I prefer my nursing leaders motivating me for work rather than acting as a transactional leader. b) In the first nursing setting, I shall play the role of mental health counsellor. As one of my greatest strengths is communication, I can use that skill for mental health counselling. I can involve the patients in getting to know their issues and help solve them. As a mental health counsellor, I can regularly interact with the patients. I can use psychotherapy to improve the individuals mental health and resolve compulsions or emotions (Bearman et al., 2013). The range of factors affecting mental health of the individuals shall be assessed using different therapeutic tools. I shall provide them with social stigma and help develop their relationship with others. Counselling shall not just be available for the patients, but also their family members. In the other nursing setting, I can provide occupational therapy in which the mental health patients can lead fulfilling and meaningful lives. I can engage with some of the hardest service users who are enduing mental illness. I shall pr ovide quality care and involve the patients in productive roles where they can develop in a collaborative manner. I shall bring the patients in environment in which they could engage by doing pottery or woodwork. I shall use empathetic skills and ensure patients and their family that they can lead good quality of life. I shall look at their strengths and provide a different perspective to their life. Occupational therapy shall be used to make the individuals independent. The client-centred treatment shall help in great recovery of mental health patients (Sturkenboom et al., 2014). References Bearman, S. K., Weisz, J. R., Chorpita, B. F., Hoagwood, K., Ward, A., Ugueto, A. M., ... Research Network on Youth Mental Health. (2013). More practice, less preach? The role of supervision processes and therapist characteristics in EBP implementation.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,40(6), 518-529. Knight, C. (2012). Therapeutic use of self: Theoretical and evidence-based considerations for clinical practice and supervision.The Clinical Supervisor,31(1), 1-24. Sturkenboom, I. H., Graff, M. J., Hendriks, J. C., Veenhuizen, Y., Munneke, M., Bloem, B. R., ... OTiP Study Group. (2014). Efficacy of occupational therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet Neurology,13(6), 557-566.

John Keats Essays (1134 words) - Sonnets, Rhyme, To Autumn

John Keats While reading a poem the skills applied in its creation are often easily overlooked. However, it is the unsurpassed mastership of these skills what makes this particular poet the most deserving recipient of this year's prestigious POTY award. John Keats possesses unparallel poetic craftsmanship. Three of his poems: "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer," "When I have fears...," and "Ode to Autumn" reveal his genius ness at the art of poetry. The first poem: "On First Looking..." displays Keats's mastership at one of the most difficult forms of poetry: the sonnet. What makes a sonnet such a difficult form of poetry is the fact that in each line there are five accented and five unaccented syllables. This is difficult task to accomplish by someone of limited writing experience. However, Keats showed his poetic genius ness by mastering this form early in his writing career. The poem is in the form of an Italian sonnet which has a dual pattern: an octave ( 1st eight lines)with a rhyming syntax of: abab abba, and a sextet (last six lines) with a rhyming pattern of: cdcd, making a total of 14 lines. In an Italian sonnet the poet focuses on a problem or a situation in the octave; then, in the sextet, he focuses on the solution of the problem or the significance of the situation. In the first few lines, Keats describes the experience of where he had been in his literary journey before encountering "Homer": " Much have I travell'd...,/ And many ....states and kingdoms seen;" ( Keats, lines 1-2). This is giving the reader the understanding that he had read many a great literary books. And, although he had been told about Homer: " Oft of one wide expanse had I been told/ That....Homer ruled as his demesne," ( 5-6); it did not have the same effect as when he read it himself: "Yet did I never breathe its pure serene/ Till I heard Chapman speak .... :" ( 7-8). The impact this experience had on him is told in the last six lines. First he compares himself with an astronomer discovering a new planet: "Then felt I like some watcher of the skies/ When a new planet swims into his ken;" ( 9-10) or a voyageur discovering new territory: "Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes/ He star'd at the Pacific? and all his men/ Look'd .....with a wild surmise?" (11-13). After having read the poem, the reader cannot help but feel the same awestruck ness that overpowered Keats. The second poem to show Keats's craftsmanship is: "When I have fear..." For the second time, Keats chooses to display his skill as a poet by writing in the form of a sonnet, this time being a Shakespearean one. The difference between this sonnet and the Italian one is in the pattern. The Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains (4 lines each) with a rhyming pattern of : abab cdcd efef, and a couplet (2 lines) with the rhyming pattern of: gg. This is the most difficult form of poetry to write, yet Keats shows no difficulty in its development making one more addition to the structure: he puts his sonnet in the form of a periodic sentence. This means that the main idea of the sentence is at the end as it is in the poem. In the first quatrain he introduces the first part of the idea by sharing his innermost feelings on a subject very familiar to all: Death. Leaving this world without his work being recognized was one of Keats's greatest emotional battles: " When I have fears that I may cease to be/ Before my pen has glean'd my teeming brain," (Keats, 1-2) . The second quatrain expresses his anxiety of not being able to fulfill his potential: " When I behold, ...../Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,/And think that I may never live to trace/ Their shadows, with the magic hand of chance;" ( 5-8). The third quatrain is about his fear of not seeing his beloved evermore: "And when I feel,..../That I shall never look upon thee more," ( 10-11) Finally, after telling the world of all his fears, he comes to the conclusion that all his ambitions for love and fame are meaningless, and in doing so, he submits to the idea that when it's his time to go, nothing will stand in the way: "Of the wide world I stand alone , and think/ Till love and fame to nothingness do sink." (13-14). The third

buy custom What Makes Hills Like White Elephant a Fine Story essay

buy custom What Makes Hills Like White Elephant a Fine Story essay Hills Like White Elephants was first published in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway. The story is based on a young couple faced with drastic decisions in life. Although the story did not mention a word like abortion, Hemingway used his powerful literary knowledge and skills to drive the idea home. This paper will basically focus on analyzing what makes Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway a fine story. Even after such a long time since its publication many still considers the Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway a great story. His plain-style prose and iceberg principle makes the story more enjoyable to the reader. He only shares enough about the couple to keep the reader interested but omits some details deliberately in order to arouse the readers mind into critical thinking. He exercised authentic writing which helped him translate his emotional experiences into a story. Bearing in mind that the author wanted to put across a sensitive issue of abortion, screening of the words was very important. Hills like white elephants is a story involving a couple who argued on whether to undertake an abortion or not. And since at that time abortion was universally illegal and a taboo, the author used his artistic credibility to put his message across. Throughout the story, Hemingway delibeately withheld some key details like the physical descriptions of the couple and occupation of the male protagonist. The reader is therefore required to join up the disjointed conversation between the two in order to establish a flow. However, reading through the story help us to notice that the girl named Jig resisted her companions idea of abortion. This is seen when the girl started to pose some empty questions to the man. Hemingway (1) she asked, Thats all we do, isnt it-look at things and try new drinks? The girl was also able to realize that her lover did not share her vision of a happier future. She said, And we could have all thiswe could have everything and every day we make it more impossible (Hemingway 2). The story however leaves the reader wondering what really happened to the couple, whether Jig accepted the demands of her boyfriend and thus board the train to Madrid for the abortion, or whether she resisted the move and opted to be ar the child terms alone. The confusion arises when the girl finally seemed to agree with the man by saying, Theyre lovely hills.they dont really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees (Hemingway 1). Hills Like White Elephants is connoted by symbolism throughout. Thiis is shown by Jigs symbolic freight of words like, They look like white elephants (Hemingway 1). In addition the author used poetic simile in order to bring out the contrast between the two. For instance, when Jig said, They look like white elephants, the American responded, Ive never seen one, then she said, No, you wouldnt have. But the man said, I might haveJust because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything (Hemingway 1). The hills symbolized the girls fertility, while the white elephant symbolized her unborn baby. Hemingway also used his technical crafting to make the story more demanding to the reader. Sarcasm is used when the man tried to convince the girl to undertake the abortion procedure and she said, I will because I dont care about me (Hemingway 2). This is an expression that automatically shows her feelings towards the whole process. The author also used suspense skills to make the story more ambiguous, and this left the readers wondering of what transpired afterwards. Symbolisms, similes, sarcasm and deliberate omissions of details make the story more fascinating and enjoyable to read. The combination of all this makes Hills Like White Elephants a fine story too. Buy custom What Makes "Hills Like White Elephant" a Fine Story essay

January Reflections The Cruelest Month

January Reflections The Cruelest Month January is almost over. I can’t really bring myself to write about resumes and LinkedIn profiles today. Don’t get me wrong: Over the past few weeks, The Essay Expert has written many career documents. I have personally edited multiple drafts and updated several resumes we’ve written for past clients. I was even on WBBM radio talking about college application essays. I’m proud of that work and of the results our clients are getting. But today, sitting down to write my blog, my thoughts are elsewhere. I’m thinking of my dad, who died on January 31st 21 years ago- the last day of the month well-known to be the deadliest one of the year. And my thoughts are also with a friend whose mom died unexpectedly last week. An avid union organizer her entire life and up to her last hours, she encouraged the woman taking her food order at the hospital to take advantage of the opportunities of the 1109 Union advancement program. My thoughts are also with my 83-year-old uncle, who fell last week and broke his shoulder. As I write, I’m in his home â€Å"on call† for the night in case his health care worker needs a family member’s presence. Being here for him helps me feel like I’m being useful, as difficult as it is to see him in pain. This time of year can be a trying one for anyone who has family facing health issues. Perhaps you are one of those who is caring for a loved one now, or who just lost someone dear to you. I think it’s so important to take some time to take care of yourself as we face these challenges. When my dad died after a week in the hospital with pneumonia, I was 27 and in my second year of law school. Every day, unfailingly, I would go swimming or get exercise of some kind. Thankfully my family understood my compulsion. That’s how I kept my equilibrium through the most painful experience of my life. We need time to reflect and to feel. My friend who just lost his mom is a yoga teacher. After losing his mom, he didn’t do yoga for a week. Getting back to his practice made him feel more in touch with himself. I’ve been looking at old pictures of my dad and feeling for myself how much I miss him. Even after so many years, it’s important for me to remember. It’s uplifting to be in the presence of children, too. On my trip to NYC last week, I spent time with an 8- and a 5-year-old who were full of love and laughter (with a few lively tantrums thrown in for good balance!). And just last night, I was watching videos of my cousin’s adorably toddling 2-year-old in Israel. It’s good to be reminded that life, joy and silliness continue on. It’s Sunday night as I write, and tomorrow I will get back to scheduling resume review  and LinkedIn profile review sessions and matching up new clients with writers. It will be more or less business as usual. But I’ll also be thinking of those who have passed, and of the people who care for them, and of the never-ending cycles of life.

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Budgeting - Essay Example (Davis & Davis, 2012) Industry context determines the particular risks that affect the budgeting process and outcomes in certain businesses. In the airline industry, fuel price volatility constitutes an external risk that significantly affects the budget of airlines. Fuel hedging is a strategy practiced in the airline industry to stabilize the budget and offset risks involved in changing prices. Fuel hedging can result to benefits and/or downsides relative to the budget of airlines. Fuel hedging does not ensure absolute positive results for all firms and in all circumstances. Budgeting is a complex process influenced by various factors that could lead to different outcomes. There are lessons to be learned by considering budgeting in the context of fuel hedging in the airline industry. The succeeding discussion focuses on the issues involved in budgeting by taking the case of the airline industry. Lessons on budgeting are drawn and practical applications are identified. Main Issues in Budgeting Budgeting should be realistic and based on a thorough analysis of a firm’s financial needs, current and expected revenue generation, and business objectives (Davis & Davis, 2012). ... An accurate estimate would result to a budget that is very close to the actual amount of resources used. Among airline companies, fuel cost constitutes a significant expense comprising around one-third of the overall budget for a certain period. Airlines need to estimate the expected fuel cost in a given period to be incorporated into the overall budget for that period. Estimation involves uncertainties because of unexpected factors. An unexpected factor is change in the cost of fuel. Airline companies do not have any control over the price of fuel since many factors, from both the demand and supply side can affect the price. The extent of change in fuel prices are also beyond the full control of airline companies. (Karp, 2008) In 2000, fuel prices increased by an average of 18 percent between the second and third quarter to represent a 45 percent increase in the same period of the past year. Estimates of many of the airline companies in the U.S. were not able to approximate the actu al price increase. As a result of the wide gap between the estimated change in fuel prices and actual fuel prices, U.S. Airways incurred losses while America West achieved profit levels much lower that its projections. (Trottman & Carey, 2000) While estimation is wrought with uncertainties, managers and decision-makers lessen the gap between expected and actual expenses by learning from repeated experience of the estimation process given different price situations. Fuel hedging involves an estimation of the rate of change in fuel prices over a given period and entering into an agreement for the supply of fuel at a particular price within that period. The contract represents a price where

Enveloping and PeakVue Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enveloping and PeakVue - Dissertation Example Machinery parts composed of bearings are primarily aimed at minimising friction and abrasion. However, due to various reasons like general wear and tear, heating, cracking, rapid temperature change, etc., a bearing may malfunction. This malfunctioning generates repeated discrepancies and mechanistic disruptions, which might be endured by the machinery in the early stages. The problems due to increased frictions inside the bearing parts are usually acoustic in nature, and impact-echo method of vibration monitoring becomes important in detecting them (Sandalone and Street, 1998). If defects of this category are not diagnosed timely, major functional disruptions or failures may take place. Hence, in the realm of rotating machinery fault analysis, and particularly the bearing fault analysis techniques, fast and sophisticated methods need to be found out and adopted. PeakVue is such a technology which is effectively deployable in mechanical engineering processes like antifriction bearing fault detection (Emerson Process Management, 2011). It effectively helps in diagnosis and severity evaluation of faults in the rotating machines by assessing the peak values of acoustic emission frequency distributions. Working Almost every metal has comparable fatigue failure curve. The cyclic stress is plotted along the vertical axis and the quantity of cycles to a failure is plotted along the horizontal axis. Metals generally can never reach such a degree of stability that eventual failure of a metallic part (e.g., a bearing) will not take place even if cyclic stress is considerably reduced. The failure will come about some microscopic abrasion, crack or defect in the crystalline structure of the metal solid state. The actual failure can take place on the metallic surface (visible) or in the metallic lattice below the surface (invisible). The crack eventually grows to an extent that a piece of the bearing element separates out as a spall from the parent metal. (Druiff, 2008) In o rder to detect the severity of the stress cycles leading to metallic fault and failure, PeakVue deploys a two stage processing. According to Druiff (2008), since the duration of the impulses are very short the analyzer software is programmed such that the sampling is executed very rapidly. This ensures that the highest possible number of individual wave peaks can be captured. All the values thus obtained are examined and sequenced to diagnose the highest peak present in each specified time interval block. Further, â€Å"Since they are not coherent there is no advantage to maintaining the positive and negative peaks as such. The second step is to full wave rectify the chosen peaks to make them unipolar.† (Druiff 2008, pp. 24-25) Finally, the values obtained are stored as samples of waveforms and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (Brigham, 2002) is performed subsequently. PeakVue is a technology that is chiefly pioneered by the renowned Emerson Process Ma

Automated Library Management System Essay Example for Free

Automated Library Management System Essay The intuition for this system was the observations done in the libraries which had the old card and paper system. By considering the students’ opinions regarding the difficulties they face in order to search a book from their respective institutions libraries, as it takes plenty of time to do so. Also for the librarians, as it takes them a lot of time to properly manage the books, along with their details. So there was a system required which could replace the old paper and card system and could ease the students or anyone who wants to search for a book from their nearby library. Most importantly a database, that would be ideal for a library upgrading from a card or paper system where they have a card for each piece of book, a database that would also benefit a library where all students’ records are still on a paper basis. With this Library Management System, librarians will be able to monitor and manage library’s inventory more efficiently and will be able to perform all of the main library operations. Keywords_ _ Automated, ISBN, LINUX, Microsoft Visual Studio, OS and SDLC. Introduction The library is one of the oldest types of institutions in our society. It is in the midst of rapid change in recent times. The changes reflect those going on in other institutions and also in the society as a whole. Hence, they must move beyond their traditional role as custodians of books and integrate new methods of storage and transmission of information into an already existing structure. Modern libraries, have already adapted to this change, but countries like Pakistan, many of its great educational institutions still have old paper-card system 1|Page in their libraries. This automated system is designed in order to facilitate all those libraries with the old systems. Hopefully with all of the changes, it would make the libraries run much more smoothly. With less time spent filling out paperwork, more time can be devoted to serving the customers and maintaining the potentially vast amount of books held in the library. The next sections of the paper include; Literature review, Methodology and Conclusion. An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries Literature Review Library automation may be defined as the application of automatic and semi-automatic data processing machines (computers) to perform traditional library housekeeping activities such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing and reference and serial control. Finally, library automation is the process of performing all information operations/ activities in library with the help of computers and related information technologies. The history of library automation in the world is not an old one. It dates back to 1950s and 1960s in America and Europe. Malik in [5] states that, in Pakistan, library automation was introduced in 1980s and a number of libraries have been computerized in or after 1987. Dilroshan in [6] says that automating a library is only the first step. Keeping up with new trends in information and communication technology is also of paramount importance. If the libraries fail to meet these challenges successfully the tremendous investment that universities have made in their library collections and facilities will be seriously undermined. Salma et al in [3] has conducted comparative research study on the management of University of the Western Cape library, South Africa and Dhaka University library, Bangladesh. Salma et al in [3] suggests that the two studied libraries can improve service delivery if they vigorously promote fund raising activities, improve salaries and allowances of the library staff, and speed up and complete the highly advanced computerization of delivered services. Qutab et al in [1] explored the fact that only 52 of the thousands of universities, colleges, and 2|Page schools in Pakistan have their library pages on parent organizations websites, only one public library website was functional, and only eight special library web sites were uploaded, is proof of the lack of interest or awareness of the importance of web-based services in the country. Tiwari in [4] sees automation in nineties as an increasingly divergent issue, in terms of resources, skills and abilities. Over the past few years, library automation has undergone a dramatic shift in direction. Library automation began with in-house processing of traditional task and grew to include the use of computing and telecommunication tools. Now there is a library without walls which uses technology to expand services, resources and relationship between libraries and resources around the world. This virtual library is a reality. A world of digital information is just a keystroke away claims IBM digital library. The future of library automation system will include information kiosks, where people with no computer experience can access information easily. Information scientists will create human computer interfaces and library scientists will manage the resources. Haider et al in [2] explains that barriers to the effective implementation in the libraries of Pakistan are: systematic planning for automation, software and hardware collection, nonexistence of standards, financial limitations, uncertainty and most important lack of willing and competent human resources. In order to resolve the situation, we stress that special attention needs to be paid to: formulation of information policy; creation An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries of popular awareness with regard to technology in library operation; training and development of staff; organization of users educational program for students and teachers; and emphasis on comprehensive planning by individual library to automate the library operations. ? Design and Architecture Flow Chart: Methodology After the thorough analysis of the problems, designing of Library Management System was initiated. SDLC phases were used for the development of this system. Requirements Engineering We decided to create a database that can help organize a library by performing the main functionalities of the normal library. It would be ideal for a library upgrading from a card number. It would also benefit a library where all employee records are still on a paper basis as well including all hire paperwork. There will be main modules of searching, registering and reserving that will be covered in the database in order to accomplish the targeted goal. Fig. 1 depicts one of the modules’, Searching, requirements. The system does not include the functionality of renewing books. Fig. 2 Above given diagram is the main description of the system that after the successful login, both of the users; librarian and student will have their different interfaces for the searching purpose, different but having same functionality. After selecting the subject category, users will be able to search the respective book by its author name and its title, corresponding details will be displayed on the screens. Fig. 3 depicts the original working for it: Fig. 1 Fig. 3 3|Page An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries ? Implementation The designed system was then implemented in Microsoft Visual Studio. Other than searching, main modules of Updating Books and Students information and registration of students are displayed in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. obtained after the Acceptance Testing, that the system was accepted widely by both of its user’s students and librarians and the results showed that they both found it very easy to use. 100% 80% 60% Students 40% 20% 0% Librarians Easy Moderate Difficult Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. shows the results obtained after Automated Testing, the system designed is user friendly and is a desktop system; it will successfully run on any PC and Laptop, other than the ones with LINUX OS. 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% Acceptable Fig. 5 ? Testing After the successful formation of required and designed system, it went through different testing techniques. In Acceptance Testing readiness of system was checked wh ether it is acceptable by users or not, In Compatibility Testing performance of the system was tested in different working conditions and in Automated Testing it was checked whether it is well-matched with different OS or not. Fig. 6 shows the results 4|Page 20% Not Acceptable 0% PCs Laptops LINUX OS Fig. 7 Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that Pakistan is on its way towards modernization of university libraries in all respect but still requires more efforts to quench the information thirst of their patrons. The system designed is beneficent An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries for all of those libraries, especially for university libraries which still have old paper-card system. This system will be a great initiative for all such libraries, which cannot afford high budget Automated Systems. With this low budget and easily used system, those libraries will be able to have an automated system which would be, for sure very advantageous for the users, either students or the librarians. The testing methods revealed that this system designed is user friendly and its users will be facing no such difficulties in order to operate it. Systematic utilization and categorization of this systems’ budget according to the needs of the respective libraries has also been kept as an important aspect for the achievement of betterment, which is the aim of the system. he University Western Cape Library and Dhaka University Library†. (PhD thesis), (2006). [4] Tiwari Aravind_ â€Å"Evaluation of electronic libraries. † New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, (2002). [5] Malik Khalid Mahmood_ â€Å"Status of library automation in Pakistan. † PLBXXVI (1), pp. 24-25, (1995). [6] Dilroshan, T. L. Chrishantha_ â€Å"Identification of problems faced by university libraries in the process of automation: with special reference to the libraries of Moratuwa and Colombo Universities. † Sri Lanka Journal of Librarianship and Information Management vol. 1, no. 2. pp 82, (1992). Acknowledgements We acknowledge to every person who gave us something to light our pathway for completion of our desired goal; we truly thank them for believing in us. References [1] Qutab, Saima ; Khalid Mehmood_ â€Å"Library web sites in Pakistan: an analysis of the content†. Emerald, Vol. 43 No. 4 pp. 430-445, (2009). [2] Haider, Jala-ud-Din Syed_ â€Å"Library management scenario ; management problems in Pakistani libraries†. Library Administration ; Management, vol. 21, no. 4, Fall 2007. pp. 173-176, (2007). [3] Chaudry, Salma_ â€Å"The management of academic libraries: a comparative study of 5|Page